On the evolution of finite-amplitude disturbance to the barotropic and baroclinic quasigeostrophic flows

ＯｎｔｈｅＥｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｆＦｉｎｉｔｅ－ａｍｐｌｉｔｕｄｅＤｉｓｔｕｒｂａｎｃｅｔｏｔｈｅＢａｒｏｔｒｏｐｉｃａｎｄＢａｒｏｃｌｉｎｉｃＱｕａｓｉｇｅｏｓｔｒｏｐｈｉｃＦｌｏｗｓ①ＭｕＭｕ（穆穆）ａｎｄＸｉａｎｇＪｉｅ（项杰）ＬＡＳＧ,Ｉｎｓｔ...     

异常东亚冬季风激发ENSO的数值模拟研究

利用中国科学院大气物理研究所发展的热带太平洋环流模式（OGCM）和海－气耦合模式（CGCM）分别就冬半年东亚冬季风异常对赤道太平洋的作用进行了数值模拟研究。结果清楚地表明,无论在 OGCM 中还是在 CGCM 中,持续的冬季风强异常将引起赤道中东太平洋海表水温（SST）的明显正异常,其分布类似观测到的El Ni?o事件;而持续的冬季风弱异常将引起赤道中东太平洋SST的明显负异常,其分布十分类似观测到的La Ni?a事件。因此,数值模拟进一步证实了我们过去从资料诊断和理论分析中得到的结论,即东亚冬季风异常是激发产生 ENSO 的重要机制。对模式资料的分析还清楚表明,异常东亚冬季风将激发异常海洋Kelvin波和使热带大气季节内振荡出现强异常,它们是激发ENSO的重要物理因素,这与观测资料的分析结果相一致。     

Twenty Years Seismic Monitoring of Induced Seismicity in Northern Albania

—The northern part of Albania has been the focus of an intense effort by the Seismological Institute of Albania, for in this area two of the country’s biggest reservoirs are located. Three years before the impounding of the Fierza reservoir, a four-station network was installed around it. The possibility of induced seismicity continued after the impoundment of the Fierza reservoir in 1978 and the Komani reservoir, in 1985. The seismicity of the zone and some aspects of induced seismicity including temporal correlation of seismicity with water level changes, spatial patterns in seismicity, frequency-mag nitude relations, fault plane solutions etc., are studied during this period. The presence in this zone of a very important transverse fault, the Shkoder-Peja fault, makes the study of induced seismicity from Fierza and Komani reservoirs even more significant. The studies have shown that the impounding of the Fierza and Komani reservoirs has modified the natural course of microearthquake energy release, increasing the number of swarms in this area.¶The fluctuation of the water level in these two reservoirs, in due course, is a potentially important factor in the evaluation of seismicity for Northern Albania and especially in the hazard assessment of this region.     

The search for hot spots associated with the Cygnus X-3 relativistic jet

We report and shortly discuss here the observational work carried out in order to test the possibility that two previously detected radio sources, in the vicinity of the well known microquasar Cygnus X-3, could be hot spot tracers of interaction between its relativistic jet and the interstellar medium (ISM). The motivation behind this search is in part justified considering recent theoretical models of high energy γ-ray emission which strongly rely on the interaction sites of galactic relativistic jets with nearby ISM clouds. The results presented in this paper include an improved radio exploration of the several arc-minute field around Cygnus X-3 using the Very Large Array (VLA), as well as deep near infrared (NIR) imaging with the Calar Alto 3.5 m telescope. We anticipate here that our observations do not appear to support the initial hot spot hypothesis. Instead, the resulting images suggest that the two radio sources, originally believed to be hot spot candidates, are most likely background or foreground objects.     

Multifractal analysis as a tool for validating a rainfall model

A multifractal analysis was carried out in order to validate the simulation of hourly rainfall records of a local climate model for the Iberian Peninsula. Observed and simulated hourly rainfall data from four locations in Andalusia (southern Spain) were used to carry out the study. In order to detect the influence of the length of the data series on the results, two different sizes were used for the real data: 4 years, and 20 years. The results show that algebraic tails are required to fit the probability distribution of extreme rain event sizes, and rain and dry event durations for both kinds of rainfall data. Similar results are found for the extreme rain event sizes and dry event durations fits when the real and synthetic data are considered. Nevertheless, some differences appear in the cases of rain event durations. The detection of the presence of a first‐order multifractal phase transition associated with a critical moment in the empirical moment scaling exponent function and the results of the extreme rain event sizes fits, reveal that real rainfall is a self‐organized criticality (SOC) process. That behaviour is less evident in the simulated rainfall series. The same ‘synoptic maximum’ value was found for each place with both types of rainfall data. A time clustering analysis was carried out applying the count‐based periodogram and the Fano factor methods. Some periodicities have been detected in the periodograms, especially for the longest real rainfall data series. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

风生涡旋对热盐环流年代际变率的影响——基于盒子模型的分析

大洋热盐环流（Thermohaline Circulation,简称THC）是主要源于北大西洋的深海环流,对全球经向水和热平衡具有重要的作用,是影响长期气候变化的一个重要因素。采纳了Longworth等的观点,通过添加扩散项的形式在经典的Stommel盒子模型中引进了风驱洋涡（Wind-Driven Ocean Gyre,简称WDOG）,并借鉴Sun等的研究方法,讨论了WDOG对THC年代际变率的影响。通过数值计算发现,WDOG的引入会缩短（延长）处于TH型（SA型）平衡态时的THC在扰动作用下的恢复时间。结合Wu and Mu文章的结论,可知正是由于WDOG对处于不同平衡态下THC的环流强度产生了不同的作用,因而导致了上述现象的出现。     

HY-2A卫星雷达高度计数据的全球统计评价及质量分析

自HY-2A卫星发射以来,针对HY-2A卫星雷达高度计产品的交叉定标、真实性检验及质量评估工作一直在持续开展。本文主要以HY-2A卫星高度计第44周期的IGDR产品数据为例,通过使用全球分布图、二维直方图和每日均值统计的方法完成了与Jason-2IGDR产品的比对验证,同时对主要环境校正参数及地球物理产品的数据质量稳定性进行了分析,结果显示高度计产品数据质量较稳定,此外利用HY-2A卫星升降轨交叉点海面高度差、与Jason-2卫星交叉点海面高度差以及沿轨海平面异常数据分析的方法进行了HY-2A卫星高度计观测系统的性能评估,结果显示,HY-2A卫星海面高度精度约为7.48cm,精度接近Jason-2,能满足海洋应用与科学研究的需要。     

Simulation of the extreme waves generated by typhoon Bolaven (1215) in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea

Record-breaking high waves occurred during the passage of the typhoon Bolaven (1215) (TYB) in the East China Sea (ECS) and Yellow Sea (YS) although its intensity did not reach the level of a super typhoon. Winds and directional wave measurements were made using a range of in-situ instruments mounted on an ocean tower and buoys. In order to understand how such high waves with long duration occurred, analyses have been made through measurement and numerical simulations. TYB winds were generated using the TC96 typhoon wind model with the best track data calibrated with the measurements. And then the wind fields were blended with the reanalyzed synoptic-scale wind fields for a wave model. Wave fields were simulated using WAM4.5 with adjustment of C_d for gust of winds and bottom friction for the study area. Thus the accuracy of simulations is considerably enhanced, and the computed results are also in better agreement with measured data than before. It is found that the extremely high waves evolved as a result of the superposition of distant large swells and high wind seas generated by strong winds from the front/right quadrant of the typhoon track. As the typhoon moved at a speed a little slower than the dominant wave group velocity in a consistent direction for two days, the wave growth was significantly enhanced by strong wind input in an extended fetch and non-linear interaction.     

Experimental research on horizontal bearing behavior of caisson-pile composite foundationEI北大核心CSCD

In this study, four groups of different types of bridge foundation model are tested to research the horizontal bearing behavior of caisson-pile composite foundation in lab based on the Qiongzhou Strait bridge project. The Q-s curve and horizontal ultimate bearing capacity of these four groups of foundations in sandy soil layer are obtained. Pile bending moment and shear force of pile shaft are analyzed in detail. At the same time, the load sharing ratio of caisson and piles is discussed. The results show that the horizontal ultimate bearing capacities of a single caisson foundation are increased by 1.2 times, 1.6 times and 2 times respectively with adding skirts, steel pipe pile, or steel pipe pile and the skirt. The maximum bending moment point is in the middle of the pile shaft, i.e. at about 0.5 m under the mud surface. The horizontal load is borne mainly by the upper caisson foundation and soil layers above the middle upper part of pile. The maximum shear force is found at the joint of pile top of steel pipe and caisson pile, where the reinforcement measures should be taken in practical engineering. The research achievements could provide a better reference for design or construction of caisson-pile composite foundation.